Morphological and Molecular Studies of Gasteroid Fungi (Basidiomycota) from Northeast Brazil
Agaricomycetes, biodiversity, conservation, semiarid, systematics.
Gasteroid fungi constitute several lineages of basidiomycetes characterized by passive dispersal of basidiospores; Basidiospore maturation occurs within the fruiting body and protected by an outer layer called the peridium. The first record with gasteroid fungi in Brazil was around the end of the 18th century by university student José Marianno da Conceição Vellozo. However, only at the beginning of the 21st century is there a considerable increase in studies of gasteroid fungi in Brazil, with emphasis on work with fungi from the northeast region. The general objective of the study proposed here is to expand the taxonomic knowledge of these fungi, currently included in Agaricomycetidae and Phallomycetidae, providing morphological and molecular data when possible from species collected in areas of northeastern Brazil. For this, field expeditions were carried out in areas of northeastern Brazil in the months with the highest rainfall: February to July 2019 to 2022. As well as, loans of specimens from the fungary UFRN-fungi were also requested. Macro and microscopic analyzes were carried out at the Laboratory of Biology of Fungi at UFRN. Scanning electron microscopy analyzes were carried out at the Laboratory of the Gas Technology Center (CTGás) – Natal/RN. DNA extractions, amplifications and purification were performed at the Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Plant Genetics of the Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics at UFRN. As a result eight species new to science were designated: Calvatia baixaverdensis R.L. Oliveira, R.J. Ferreira, P.Marinho, M.P. Martín & Baseia sp. nov.; Calvatia nordestina R.L. Oliveira, R.J. Ferreira, P.Marinho, M.P. Martín & Baseia sp. nov.; Cyathus sp. nov. 1; Cyathus sp. nov. two; Cyathus sp. nov. 3.; Geastrum albofibrosum R.L. Oliveira, Dourado-Barbosa, R. Cruz, M.P. Martin & Baseia; Geastrum sp. nov. 1.; Tulostoma orotubulosa Dourado-Barbosa, R.L. Oliveira, A.A. Lima, Baseia & R. Cruz sp. nov. As well as nineteen new records. Molecular analyzes proved to be important and necessary and morphological analyzes fundamental in the description of new records and new species. Efforts like these surveys are necessary, as well as the expansion of knowledge of gasteroid fungi in the northeast region,
enabling an increase in the conservation of these species.