TAXONOMIC REVIEW ON THE SPECIES OF PANAEOLUS SENSU LATO (AGARICALES, BASIDIOMYCOTA) FOR THE NORTH AND NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL
Agaricoid. Anellaria. Copelandia. Mushrooms. Neotropical Fungi. Panaeolina. Panaeoloideae. Psilocybin.
Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél is a psychoactive mushroom genus, distributed worldwide, commonly found in meadows, grasslands, gardens or in dung of herbivores. In Brazil, its species are poorly cited in the taxonomic literature, especially for the North and Northeast regions. This dissertation concerns the taxonomy of Panaeolus sensu lato and more specifically reviews the identification of excicata from the fungal collections: INPA, JPB, UFACPZ, UFRN-FUNGOS and URM. Thus, aiming to obtain a descriptive knowledge of these individuals (semaphores) of Panaeolus s.l. and explain their relationships of morphological similarities and differences through comparisons with the taxonomic system and type descriptions. The materials obtained as loans were described by the preparation of slides from dried fungal tissues, rehydrated in 5% KOH solution, or stained in Congo Red, which were then observed under a microscope. It was possible to identify a total of eight species and one variety (P. papilionaceus var. parvisporus Ew. Gerhardt), two of them, proposed as new species for science, based on materials collected in Acre, northern region of the country. The new records of species described here demonstrate that there may be an endemic diversity of the genus in new and unexplored habitats, such as the Amazon region. The information generated here aims to contribute to the taxonomy of the genus in Brazil, facilitating future phylogenetic systematics studies that integrate morphological and molecular data in order to resolve the controversies here discussed.