Appraisal of the Online Information about Achilles Tendinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study on Comprehensiveness, Understandability, Actionability, Readability, Accuracy, Clarity, and Quality of Information
Tendinitis, Tendinosis, Tendon, Pain, Overuse, Knowledge Translation
Background: appraisal of general online information about musculoskeletal condition indicates most websites present inaccurate or misleading when compared to the best available scientific evidence. Achilles tendinopathy is highly topical and searched by sports physiotherapists and patients. However, the accuracy and quality of online information about Achilles tendinopathy is unknown. Objective: to evaluate the comprehensiveness, understandability, actionability, readability, accuracy, clarity, and quality of information of websites identified online about Achilles tendinopathy. Methods: we performed a systematic appraisal of online information about Achilles tendinopathy. Two investigators conducted searches using key terms for Achilles tendinopathy in Google® and Bing®. The first 80 websites were screened. Each eligible website was evaluated for the comprehensiveness (rubric); understandability and actionability (PEMAT); readability (Flesch-Kincaid grade level); accuracy, clarity (rubric) and quality of information about treatment options (DISCERN) by two investigators. results: 29 websites were included. Only 6.9% of the websites provided accurate and clear information about exercise therapy and patient education for Achilles tendinopathy. The average score for the quality of information about treatment options was 39.3, classified as "regular". For understandability and actionability, the average scores were 82.7% and 51.7%, respectively. Only 51.7% of the websites were within recommended readability levels (4 to 7 years of education). Conclusion: Few websites presented accurate and clear information about the management of Achilles tendinopathy. Substantial variation in comprehensiveness, understandability, actionability, and readability was observed. Relying on websites as a source of information about Achilles tendinopathy may be inappropriate, and users should exercise caution when doing so.