ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN POST-STROKE PATIENTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH IMPLICIT MOTOR LEARNING
Neuropsychology, Stroke, Motor Skill
Stroke, also known as Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), ranks among the leading causes of death worldwide, with a significant number of new cases reported annually. This results in a diminished quality of life for post-stroke individuals and substantial socio-economic implications for public health. The Ministry of Health (MoH) refers to this condition as the rapid onset of clinical signs of focal and/or global brain function disturbances of vascular origin, resulting in alterations in cognitive and sensorimotor aspects, depending on the area and extent of the lesion. A significant portion of physical rehabilitation interventions is focused on facilitating recovery through motor learning principles involving cognitive processes. This encompasses both explicit and implicit aspects, which can be broadly understood as processes that occur consciously and unconsciously, respectively. From this perspective, recent research has linked motor performance to cognitive functions such as memory, executive function, and global cognition, emphasizing the need for further research on motor and cognitive impairments in populations affected by stroke. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that such impairments need to be taken into account in both the short-term and long-term perspectives to prevent additional functional decline due to the mismanagement of patient identification and appropriate rehabilitation referral. In light of this, there is no gold standard for the assessment and diagnosis of post-stroke cognitive impairment, making it important to utilize formal neuropsychological tests that comprehensively evaluate cognitive domains, particularly those related to implicit motor learning. These tests can provide critical prognostic information for post-stroke patients. In light of the aforementioned information, the present study is characterized as a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative research to be conducted with a sample of 86 individuals. This sample size is based on the number of hospital admissions in the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde) in the year 2021 within the 5 health regions of Rio Grande do Norte, all attributed to unspecified stroke as the primary cause. Participant assessment will be conducted through the completion of an evaluation form containing identification and sociodemographic data, motor impairment assessment, cognitive function evaluation, and implicit motor learning assessment. After the presentation of the Informed Consent Form (ICF) and the Authorization Form for Voice and/or Image Recording, four assessment sessions will be scheduled. During these sessions, the following assessments will be administered: the evaluation form, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Fugl-Meyer Physical Performance Scale, neuropsychological instruments for cognitive impairment assessment, including the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, the Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Instrument - Neupsilin, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Random Number Generation (RNG), and the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) Scale. Additionally, a laboratory test will be administered: Implicit motor learning assessment through the repeated sequences task (Play FeedBack). Upon completion of data collection, a session will be scheduled with the participants to provide a brief report on their performance in the clinical tests and tasks performed. Statistical analysis will be conducted using JASP software, version 0.17.2.1. Normality testing will be performed to determine whether the sample follows a normal or non-normal distribution, thus guiding the choice between parametric or non-parametric tests. The data will be presented in the form of tables and graphs.