Questionnaires to Assess Biopsychosocial Aspects in Low-Risk Pregnant Women: A Scope Review
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Pregnancy; Functioning
INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy corresponds to a phase in a woman's life cycle, in which several biopsychosocial, emotional and spiritual adaptations occur to enable the family to receive the baby. All these changes must be the subject of a multidimensional and multiprofessional investigation, as they can affect the functionality and quality of life of women. In this way, the ICF provides a system that is more suited to current health characteristics, allowing for a greater coverage of the health situation of the community. In the area of Physiotherapy in Women's Health, there are some works involving the analysis of assessment instruments and their relationship with the components of the ICF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a scope and methodological review study, divided into three stages that took place between March and November 2020. The management of the first two stages was performed using the Rayyan software. In the first stage, a scoping review was carried out, based on a bibliographic search in Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The following search strategy was used: (Pregnant* OR Prenatal OR reproductive OR gestation) AND (questionnaire OR index OR assessment OR evaluation OR scale) AND (validity OR reliability OR psychometr*) AND (Brazil* OR Brasil* OR Portuguese) . The inclusion of the 36 articles obeyed the following criteria: 1) present at least 1 assessment questionnaire for pregnant women at usual risk, 2) tested in the Brazilian population, 3) published in peer-reviewed journals and 4) applied in person or online and by trained interviewers, 5) observational studies, randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. Duplicate articles, with a sample of pregnant adolescents and those in which the instrument was validated in only one language, were excluded. No limits were set regarding the year of publication. Three independent and trained researchers performed the selection of studies. After removing the duplicates, the phases of reading by title and abstract followed, followed by the complete reading. In the second stage of the study, the main data of the included articles were extracted. These data were organized in an Excel spreadsheet and the instruments were categorized according to the assessed outcome. Finally, the linkage between the identified assessment measures and the ICF domains was performed. RESULTS: Of the 1397 studies found, 36 studies were included for the final analysis. Fifty-one questionnaires were identified, used to assess different aspects related to usual risk pregnancy. From the linkage analysis between the questionnaires and the ICF, 16 evaluated outcomes were identified. These outcomes were distributed in the following domains: Body functions (54.9%; n=28), Activity (7.84%, n=4), Participation (1.96%, n=1), Environmental Factors (29.41%; n=15) and Personal factors (5.89; n=3). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the questionnaires used to assess biopsychosocial aspects in low-risk pregnant women contain several different outcomes, which are predominantly associated with the component of body functions.