INFLUENCE OF OBSTETRIC AND SOCIAL-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON FUNCTIONALITY AND DISABILITY IN LOW-RISK PREGNANT WOMEN
Keywords: Women's Health. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Pregnancy. Physical Therapy Modalities.
Pregnancy is a period where a woman undergoes several changes that affect her life, which can cause discomfort and pain. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) focuses on individuals and their real needs, rather than focusing only on their health condition and its causes, being able to transcend the biological and see the repercussions of the health condition in the person's functionality and daily life. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) is a questionnaire developed by the WHO and linked to the ICF that assesses functionality and disability. It consists of 36 items and six domains of daily activities: cognition, mobility, self-care, interpersonal relationships, life activities and participation. This study aimed to verify which sociodemographic and obstetric factors are related to the decrease in functionality of pregnant women in the city of Santa Cruz/RN, assessed using the WHODAS 2.0. Quantitative cross-sectional study, carried out between August/2018 and April/2020, with 140 pregnant women from northeastern Brazil. Data collected at Basic Health Units, at the Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi (FACISA/UFRN) and through Google Meet. Pregnant women with a single fetus participated, who understood the questions; those who refused to answer a question, had an interrupted interview or had difficulty in understanding were excluded. An evaluation form was used to obtain sociodemographic, lifestyle and obstetric data. Functioning and disability were measured with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). The sample power was 100%. A significance of 5% (p<0.05) was adopted. Regarding sociodemographic factors, a decrease in functionality was observed in the self-care domains (in relation to the practice of physical exercise, p=0.035), household activities (about working outside, p=0.022), school/work activities (regarding the amount of years of education, p=0.03; and the woman's color/race, p=0.047), and in the participation domain (schooling, p=0.03; working outside the home, p=0.009; and being alcoholics, p=0.041 ). Regarding obstetric factors, we obtained a decrease in the functionality of pregnant women in the self-care domains in relation to gestational age (p=0.007); interpersonal relationships with number of pregnancies (p=0.014) and number of births (p=0.025); and in the domain of school/work activities in relation to the number of pregnancies (p=0.047) and number of abortions (p=0.007). We found that there is a decrease in functionality of pregnant women assessed with the WHODAS 2.0 in relation to physical exercise, paid work, their color/race, education, the fact that they are alcoholics, in addition to their gestational age, number of pregnancies, number births and abortions.